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From Amber Butchart, host of BBC 4's A Stitch in Time.

Karl Lagerfeld drew inspiration from the dystopian vision of Metropolis. The picture-perfect worlds of Wes Anderson's films echo in Miuccia Prada's collections. From historical epics and romantic dramas to sci-fi blockbusters and arthouse cool, the world's most creative fashion designers have long taken their inspiration from screen idols - and continue to do so today.

Let fashion historian Amber Butchart take you a journey through the last 100 years of cinema style and its influence on the catwalks, and see how the fashion of film has transformed the world of fashion design.

Sumptuously illustrated with photographs of fashion creations and the films that inspired them, The Fashion of Film is a must-have for any fan of style.

The international fashion world is creative, expressive and impressive. And it is always fast moving. This book is devoted to the best fashion series and photos of the international fashion world of 2022.

A jury of international experts selects from a worldwide selection of the best editorials, covers and campaigns and makes the awards. Additionally, the creative people behind the scenes, such as photographers, stylists, models and make-up artists, are presented in detail.

The Fashion Yearbook 2023 comprehensively includes the fashion highlights and their actors in an impressive illustrated book and is thus a unique standard work in the fashion industry.

- The best of the international fashion scene from the last year
- Impressive images of the fashion series, covers and campaigns, accompanied by expert assessment
- Top-class jury
- A unique overview of the global fashion year

About the Authors:

Julia Zirpel has more than 20 years’ experience as a fashion editor and director of magazines such as Interview Germany, Myself and Cosmopolitan Germany and more recently as an editorial director at the KaDeWe luxury department store. Based in Munich, Julia is a freelance content director, and founder of the sustainable fashion e-commerce platform thewearness.com.
Fiona Hayes is a designer, art director and lecturer with three decades of international experience in publishing, art and fashion. A former art director of ten magazines, including Russian Vogue and GQ India, she has been involved in the launch of 14 titles for Condé Nast. She is currently based in London and Paris.

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Пролистать книгу The Fashion Yearbook 2023: Best of Campaigns, Editorials and Covers

An enchanting exploration of the creative inspiration of the Bloomsbury Set on Kim Jones’s artistic direction of the fashion house Fendi.

In September 2020, Kim Jones was named head of Fendi’s couture and womenswear, marking a new era for the Italian brand. This publication examines Jones’s relationship to the legendary Bloomsbury Set: the early twentieth-century community of British writers, intellectuals, and artists, including Virginia Woolf, Duncan Grant, and Vanessa Bell, who inspired the collection and his creative process.

Enriched by ethereal photographs by Nikolai von Bismarck, this book spotlights the iconic landmarks of the Bloomsbury Set and Fendi. Beginning with Charleston House, Knole House, and Sissinghurst Castle in England, then travelling to the set of haute couture in Paris, the volume comes full circle at Rome’s Villa Medici and Villa Borghese — where the histories of Fendi and the Bloomsbury Set meet. Diverse photographic methods such as Polaroid, traditional film, and Super-8 film stills bring Jones’s creations to life, as well as reflect the Bloomsbury Set’s experimental techniques, while his eternal muses, including Christy Turlington, Demi Moore, Gwendoline Christie, Kate Moss, and Naomi Campbell, conjure the poetry of the present. With letters, diary entries, and excerpts from Bloomsbury members, this exquisite book will appeal to aficionados of fashion, literature, and photography

About the Authors:

Fendi is an Italian fashion brand established in Rome in 1925. Kim Jones is the creative director of Dior Men and the artistic director of Fendi’s couture and womenswear. Nikolai von Bismarck is a photographer specializing in portraiture, reportage, and fashion. Professor Mark Hussey is a Bloomsbury Set scholar at Pace University. Jerry Stafford is a writer and the creative director of Premiere Heure.

The marriage between flowers and fashion has never been more pronounced than when seen in the work of Yves Saint Laurent. This retrospective examines Yves Saint Laurent’s use of flowers from their symbolism to their fruition on the runway.

Flowers in every form inspired fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent, serving as a leitmotif in his work. His passion for plants manifested itself in countless patterns and techniques, and he adorned women in floral appliqués, prints, and embroideries. From a thousand and one rose buds to sprigs of lily of the valley, from an avalanche of bougainvillea to delicate poppy touches, and from sheaves of wheat to majestic lilies, nature was an essential part of his visual palette.

Through the discerning eyes of Olivier Saillard, this veritable garden of Yves Saint Laurent’s designs — culled from a broad range of styles — metamorphoses into a bouquet of flowering silhouettes. Under the direction of Elsa Janssen and Alexis Sornin, essays from Emanuele Coccia, Marc Jeanson, and Serena Bucalo Mussely explore, respectively, the symbolism of flowers, characteristics of his recurring prints, and the designer’s signature use of flora in accessories.

About the Authors:

Olivier Saillard, director of the Fondation Azzedine Alaïa and former director of the Palais Galliera, is a fashion historian, curator, and author.
Emanuele Coccia, philosopher, university lecturer, and author of The Life of Plants, specializes in the relationship between visual theory and the nature of life.
Botanist Marc Jeanson is former director of the museum of natural history in Paris and former botany director of the Majorelle Garden in Marrakesh.
Serena Bucalo Mussely, chief curator and art historian, is head of collections at the Musée Yves Saint Laurent Paris.

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Пролистать книгу The Flowers of Yves Saint Laurent

- A visual book reveals the little known facts and fascinating stories of fashion.
- Brought to life with photographs and illustrations.
- Gives you a deeper understanding of the fashion industry, in a fun way.
- Easy to read, suitable for all people.

Every piece of clothing has a story

The Hidden Facts of Fashion is a book that reveals the little known facts and fascinating stories of fashion, showing every small hidden details, right down to a button or the choice of color are specially designed for specific reasons, and uncover fashion industry phenomena and helpful hacks.

This book will make you a fashion expert - in a fun way

The Hidden Facts of Fashion is not just a book of random facts — it is a combination of fashion, fun, surprise, knowledge, and helpful hacks. This book will disrupt what you think you know about clothing. Once you’ve read it, you will never look at your wardrobe the same way.

Fun & Surprise

The Hidden Facts of Fashion shares stories — from the origin of a piece of clothing, the unique culture it represents, fun little titbits, urban myths, and more.

Knoweldge about Fashion

By revealing little known facts and fascinating stories, you will discover that every small, humble detail hidden in your garment, right down to a button or the choice of color, was once specially designed for specific reasons.

Facts about Industry
- Size 8 in 1950 is much smaller than today's size 8
- The better the economy, the shorter the skirt?
- So how did skinny become “fashionable”?
- The ridiculous pay gap between female and male models
- Lipstick vs Haute Couture: Which makes more money?
- Do you really get a better deal in luxury brand outlets?
- Don’t be fooled by that messy clearance rack
and more...

Facts about Color
- Blue for girls and pink for boys
- Wear red on your first date!
- Why surgeon doctors wear green scrub instead of white?
- Who decided wedding dresses should be white?
- Why are suits and tuxedos always in black?
- Real ninjas don’t wear black
- All kinds of the collar, all kinds of work
and more...

Facts about Outer
- Cardigan used to be military wear
- The life jacket that looks like a bomb vest
- Why you might not want to rely on that bulletproof vest…
- Inuit's natural Gore-Tex coat
- One jacket to keep smoke out of your pretty clothes
- Why is the zipper on a biker jacket always diagonal?
- 4 things you don't know about MA-1
and more...

Facts about Top
- A garment of violent: WIFE BEATER!
- What does the "tank" have to do with a tank top?
- Fashion's million-dollar fabric scraps
- T-shirt = Tea shirt?
- Why breton shirts have 21 stripes?
- The hidden sponge in your sweatshirt!
- Aloha! This casual shirt is courtroom-approved
and more...

Facts about Bottom
- No blue jeans in North Korea!
- What is the tiny pouch inside your jeans pocket for?
- Bell bottoms were first worn by sailors, not disco dancers!
- The pants that promote women's rights
- Women wearing pants in Paris was technically illegal before 2013
- Oxford bags are not bags
- The "bad boy" way of wearing pants
and more...

Facts about Intimate
- The Myth and Facts of Corset
- Watch out! Her bra is going to explode!
- Jockstrap + Joke = Sports bra
- Men were the first to wear sexy garters?!
- Why did so many American women paint their legs during WW2?
- The man who made wearing G-string in public "decent"
- The Guardian of Virginity
and more...

Fashion Hacks
- Should I wash my jeans?
- A small piece of fabric might just save your garment
- Beware! Static electricity on clothes could cause an explosion
- Rescue your favourite clothes from pilling!
- Bring velcro back to life!
- Dry clean isn’t always the solution
- DO NOT mix laundry detergent, fabric softener or sanitizer together!
and more...

Visual Oriented

Brought to life with photographs and illustrations, The Hidden Facts of Fashion will enrich your fashion knowledge across different topics, revealing phenomena, unexpected history, fun stories, and more.

Be Fun to Read

We hope this book will give you a deeper understanding of the fashion industry, allow you to look at your closest from with a new perspective, and — last but not least — be fun to read.

This exciting book explores fashion not simply from an aesthetic point of view but also as a manifestation of social and cultural change

Focusing on fashion from 1850, noted fashion historians Daniel James Cole and Nancy Deihl consider the evolution of womenswear, menswear and childrenswear, decade by decade. The book looks at the dissemination of style and the mechanisms of change, at the relationship between fashion and the visual, applied and performing arts, the intertwined relationship between fashion and popular culture, the impact of new materials and technology and the growing globalization of style.

With photographs of costume from museums and images from the fashion press including editorial photography, illustrations and advertising, the book will include insights into icons of fashion and the clothes worn by 'real people', providing a valuable visual reference for the reader.

About the Authors:

Daniel James Cole teaches the History of Fashion at New York University and the Fashion Institute of Technology. He is also a freelance costume designer with stage, television and film credits.
Nancy Deihl, the Director of the graduate program in Costume Studies at New York University, specializes in the history of fashion and textiles from the mid-19th century to the present.

Contents:
Introduction
Chapter 1 1850–1890: The Dawn of Modern Clothing
Chapter 2 1890s: Extremes of the Gilded Age
Chapter 3 1900s: A New Century
Chapter 4 1910s: Exotic Fantasy, Wartime Reality
Chapter 5 1920s: Les Années Folles
Chapter 6 1930s: Aspirations of Glamour
Chapter 7 1940s: War and Recovery
Chapter 8 1950s: Couture Opulence, Suburban Style
Chapter 9 1960s: Fashion for the Future
Chapter 10 1970s: Revivals and Individuality
Chapter 11 1980s: Power Dressing and Postmodernism
Chapter 12 1990s: Subcultures and Supermodels

A lavishly illustrated banquet of style, elegance, and taste, this is a who's who of the most glamorous men and women around the world, the ultimate treasury of fashion inspiration.

This sumptuous volume -- the ultimate sourcebook for fashion mavens, Instagram followers, and celebrity worshippers -- presents the complete history of the much-lauded and highly visible International Best-Dressed List (IBDL) launched by Eleanor Lambert, "Godmother of Fashion," in 1940. The List has become a barometer of style and the highest honor a sartorial savant can receive, and today it's an ongoing record of the world's most glamorous women and men from society, royalty, Hollywood, celebrity, fashion, art, culture, sports, and media. These gorgeous "swans" of elegance, influence, and grace are gathered here in the most comprehensive survey ever published.

This rich story is told by insider and IBDL Hall-of-Famer Amy Fine Collins through her encyclopedic knowledge, exclusive insights, and countless entertaining anecdotes about the behind-the-scenes goings-on--Lambert was offered kickbacks and bribes of up to $50,000 by list aspirants--that shed light on the selection process, the vibrant personalities (not to mention egos) of the chosen, and the zeitgeist of the times.

For sixty years, Lambert was queen of the International Best-Dressed List. In 2002, she formally ceded the reins to Graydon Carter, Amy Fine Collins, Reinaldo Herrera, and Aimée Bell.

About the Author:

Amy Fine Collins is a writer and editor at large at Air Mail. She has been a special correspondent at Vanity Fair for more than 20 years. Graydon Carter was Vanity Fair's editor-in-chief from 1992 to 2017 and is now editor of Air Mail, the digital news platform. Fashion designer Carolina Herrera was inducted into the IBDL's Hall of Fame in 1980.

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Пролистать книгу The International Best Dressed List: The Official Story на сайте издательства.

An exclusive look inside the world of Moreschi, one of the world’s most prestigious shoemakers. Moreschi is renowned for its exacting standards and unique style, and for producing each and every pair on-site, from the arrival of the leather to boxing and dispatching to stores. The art of shoemaking is detailed throughout this richly illustrated book. Through conversations with the founder, the artisans’ memories, and pictures of dozens of the factory’s creations, a story unfolds that confirms the vast heritage of artisan culture that lies behind Italian production. Moreschi shoes have been worn by the likes of Richard Burton, Liam Neeson, Adrien Brody, Michael Jackson, James Brown, Johnny Cash, and also sports stars such as Michael Jordan, Novak Djokovic, and Alberto Tomba.

About The Authors:

Cristina Morozzi is a design and fashion editor, curator of exhibitions, consultant for numerous design labels, and former director of Modo magazine. She has taught at Milan’s Domus Academy and at the École Cantonale d’Art in Lausanne. Her recent books include Altagamma and Damiani: Alchemy of Desire.
Giò Martorana is a photographer who has worked for Louis Vuitton, Porsche, and TAG Heuer and whose work has appeared in publications such as Vogue, Elle, Harper’s Bazaar, GQ, and Marie Claire. He was awarded the UNESCO Prize in 1999 for his portrait work.

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Пролистать книгу The Italian Art of Shoemaking: Works of Art in Leather

Destined to be a classic, this modern introduction offers a contemporary twist on the age-old craft of leatherworking.

The Leathercraft Handbook guides you through all the skills, tools, and techniques you need to make beautiful and durable pieces, from elegant accessories to stylish homewares - without the need for expensive equipment.

Try your hand at more than 20 step-by-step projects, complete with easy-to-follow tutorials and templates that can be scaled up or down. Ranging from a classic glasses case to a chic tote bag, the pieces are suitable for beginners through to experienced leatherworkers and feature inspiration on how to make the designs your own.

Use this tactile, age-old craft to make your own unique and modern leather items.

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Пролистать книгу The Leathercraft Handbook: 20 Unique Projects for Complete Beginners на Google Books.

A comprehensive make-up manual that details all aspects of make-up application, solutions to common problems, as well as tips and tricks for perfecting your look every time. 

Starting with Skin Secrets, make-up artist Lisa Potter-Dixon teaches you everything you need to know about skincare and perfecting your base. In Beautiful Brows, Lisa explains how to enhance your brows, before styling a Natural, Full, Ombre and Feathered look. In Go with the Glow, she explains why we add colour and takes a look at Contouring, Strobing, Blushing and Bronzing. In The Eyes Have It, things really get interesting, with looks for Smokey, Colourful, Nude, Smudged and Glittery Eyes. And in Luscious Lips, Lisa helps you understand the difference between types of lipsticks, pencils, glosses and all that's in between before teaching you how to achieve the perfect lip, no matter what your style. Finally, Lisa offers up Looks to Dazzle, from Extreme Glitter to using sequins, feathers and transfers, as well as enhancing your look with accessories. Whether you’re looking for a fun and youthful, elegant and sophisticated or one-off look, Lisa will show you how to make the most of your facial features and complexion in this Make-up Manual.

About the Author:

Lisa Potter-Dixon is Head Make-up and Trend Artist and Brow Expert for Benefit Cosmetics. A regular on the London Fashion Week scene, she has styled looks for Matthew Williamson. Her work has appeared in print and online for ‘Elle’, ‘Glamour’ and ‘Red’ magazines, as well as the ‘Telegraph’. She regularly appears on TV, promoting Benefit products on QVC and performing makeovers on ‘Lorraine’ (ITV) and her clients include Editor-in-chief of ‘Elle’ UK, Lorraine Candy. Lisa lives in London, UK and this is her first book. Benefit Cosmetics was founded in San Francisco in 1976. The action-packed, beauty brand offering quick fix solutions for every gal's beauty dilemmas. Famous for high quality iconic products with clever names, compelling packaging and innovative formulas, Benefit has grown into a global brand that continues to captivate women of all ages with unique shopping experiences like the Benefit Brow Bar. With over 2,000 locations in over 30 countries, it is one of the world’s biggest make up brands.

Mandy Aftel is one of the world’s preeminent natural perfumers, with a clientele ranging from the singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen to Ivy Ross, head of hardware design at Google. Eschewing the synthetic molecules that dominate commercial perfumes, Aftel creates her complex and subtle fragrances using only natural essences. For her, each of these essences is a gateway to a lost world of scent, stretching back to the beginnings of human civilization and intertwined with the history of medicine, cuisine, adornment, sexuality, and spirituality. In 2017, Aftel opened a one-room museum ― the Aftel Archive of Curious Scents ― in her backyard in Berkeley, California, to help a modern audience rediscover the enchantment of this lost world. Her museum has attracted thousands of enthusiastic visitors and has been featured in the New York Times, Vogue, Goop, O: The Oprah Magazine, and numerous other media outlets.

Now Aftel has created this beautiful book, illustrated with treasures from her museum’s collection, so that readers at home can immerse themselves in the world of scent. She guides us through the different families of botanical fragrances (including flowers, woods, leaves and grasses, and resins), depicting each plant with a hand-colored antique woodcut and revealing its olfactory notes and lore. Special chapters are devoted to the most rare and precious fragrances ― such as ambergris, formed of a rare secretion of the sperm whale ― and to antique essential oil bottles, handwritten recipe books, and other evocative artifacts. The Museum of Scent, which includes a bookmark subtly scented with a natural essence, invites us on a sensuous, imaginative journey.

About the Authors:

Mandy Aftel, an internationally known artisan perfumer and authority on natural fragrance, is the owner of Aftelier Perfumes and the Aftel Archive of Curious Scents in Berkeley, California. Her other books include Essence and Alchemy: A Natural History of Perfume, which helped sparked the natural perfume renaissance and has been translated into eight languages. Aftel's work has been featured in the New York Times, Vogue, Vanity Fair, and numerous other major outlets.

“A riveting book . . . few stones are left unturned.” — Roberta Smith’s “Top Art Books of 2019,” The New York Times

This fascinating and enlightening study of the tie-on pocket combines materiality and gender to provide new insight into the social history of women’s everyday lives — from duchesses and country gentry to prostitutes and washerwomen — and to explore their consumption practices, sociability, mobility, privacy, and identity. A wealth of evidence reveals unexpected facets of the past, bringing women’s stories into intimate focus.

“What particularly interests Burman and Fennetaux is the way in which women of all classes have historically used these tie-on pockets as a supplementary body part to help them negotiate their way through a world that was not built to suit them.” — Kathryn Hughes, The Guardian

.”A brilliant book.” — Ulinka Rublack, Times Literary Supplement

About the Authors:

Barbara Burman is an independent scholar, and Ariane Fennetaux is an associate professor of eighteenth-century history at the Université de Paris.

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Пролистать книгу The Pocket: A Hidden History of Women's Lives, 1660-1900

Featuring the star pieces from fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent's art collection – including works by Cézanne, Picasso, Mondrian and Matisse

Yves Saint Laurent was more than a designer of clothing – he was, for many, one of the great style arbiters of the twentieth century. His talent made him the youngest and brightest star in the firmament of fashion, first with Christian Dior, who chose him as his successor, and later in his own right as the shy but daring creator of the modern woman’s wardrobe.

His private life was the subject of constant public fascination, and the homes that he shared with his lifelong friend and business partner Pierre Bergé were extraordinary private cocoons of taste and style. Ivan Terestchenko’s photographs – taken after Yves Saint Laurent’s death in 2008 – capture these exquisite surroundings and cultured luxury for the last time.

Yves Saint Laurent and Pierre Bergé amassed an exceptional collection of furniture and paintings over some forty years. It included important works by Picasso, Matisse and Mondrian, Old Master paintings by Goya, Ingres and Géricault, and masterpieces of furniture, sculpture and silver from the Renaissance to Art Deco.

Not a single piece from the collection was sold until the year following Saint Laurent’s death. A historic sale by auction at the Grand Palais in Paris became the stuff of legend months before it even took place.

This book, revealing a rare union of passion, taste and supreme connoisseurship, stands as a monument to two of the greatest taste-makers of our time.

About the Authors:

Robert Murphy is Paris correspondent for American fashion and lifestyle magazines W and Women’s Wear Daily
Born in England and educated in France, Ivan Terestchenko read History of Art at the Ecole du Louvre and was a painter until the age of 30 when he switched to photography and landed his first assignment with French Vogue. He contributes to many international publications.

The Sartorialist Man: Inspiration Every Man Wants, Education Every Man Needs, by renowned photographer, fashion editor, and social media sensation Scott Schuman, is the definitive fashion primer celebrating the diversity of today's well-dressed man.

Schuman's dynamic street photography captures the essence of style as seen through lens of guys of all ages from around the globe. Setting the new standard, the book will be an invaluable resource for men as they explore and hone their unique personal style. "What I didn't want this book to be was a list of rules. But I do outline principles that will help you make confident decisions about your many sartorial choices," says Schuman in the book's introduction.

The book begins with "Dressing Your Body Type," because when you know what fits your unique body, the better you can pull off any look. In section one, "Clothing," Schuman delves into wardrobe basics with "Elements"--an illustrated glossary of everything from jackets and pants, and collars and cuffs, to outerwear and underwear. Also sprinkled throughout are "Style Strategies" explaining how stylish gentlemen do what they do so well, and the "Focus" section is filled with tips on to how to talk to a tailor, view the runway, and discover inspiration from friends and colleagues.

The second part of the book tackles everything you need to know about accessories--whether to go socks or no socks, and how to tie a tie, choose the right glasses or sunglasses, and find the right shoe. Part three, "Maintenance & Sustainability," is filled with illustrated step-by-step instructions on how to care for, mend, fold, store, and pack your clothes and footwear. Schuman even shares pointers on the how and why to invest in key pieces of your wardrobe, shop online or in person, or buy vintage or new.

Refreshing, contemporary, and inspiring, this striking menswear tome will come to define today's essence of style. The Sartorialist: Man is about enjoying the freedom to explore what looks great on you--and that, perhaps, is the ultimate chic.

About the Authors:

The creator of the pioneering world-renowned social media platform The Sartorialist, Scott Schuman was honored in 2012 with the CFDA Media Award. Schuman's photography and writing appeared for three years in a column for GQ and Japan's Men's Ex. He has appeared in national campaigns for The Gap, Aspesi, and Verizon and collaborated with fashion brands to design exclusively commissioned shoes, denim, outerwear, leather goods, and tabletop items. Burberry, Nespresso, DKNY Jeans, Gant, Crate & Barrel, and Absolut have all commissioned ad campaigns. Schuman's photographs have been featured in Vogue Italia, Vogue Paris, and Interview. He is the author of the best-selling The Sartorialist (2009), which has been translated into multiple languages; The Sartorialist: Closer (2012); The Sartorialist: X (2015); and The Sartorialist: India (2019). His photographs have been the focus of several exhibitions in the United States and internationally, and his work was included in Icons of Style: A Century of Fashion Photography, 1911-2011, at the J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center, Los Angeles. His work is in the permanent collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Tokyo Photographic Art Museum. 

Pierpaolo Piccioli is at the creative helm of Valentino. He is the recipient of the 2015 CFDA International Award and was named Designer of the Year at the Fashion Awards in 2018. Wife of Scott Schuman, Jenny Walton is a designer and illustrator based in New York City. Her work has been featured in publications such as Vogue, Harper's Bazaar, Elle, Glamour, InStyle, and Conde Nast Traveler.

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Пролистать книгу The Sartorialist: MAN: Inspiration Every Man Wants, Education Every Man Needs

When a woman takes all her clothes off, she can be depicted as a pure, Classical nude. If, however, she keeps her stockings on, she suddenly becomes naked, an erotic creation capable of arousing the viewer’s libido. This curious paradox has been observed and used by artists since the Middle Ages. Stockings range from extremely elaborate confections: multicoloured, embroidered, applied with sequins or precious stones, painted, striped or otherwise made into objects to be coveted, enabling the wearer to be desired.

They range from the shapeless utilitarian woollen stocking suddenly transformed by being black or allowed to droop erotically down the leg, to the breathtaking sheen of silk stockings drawn tight over the leg, held in place by an elaborate garter or garter-belt. Silk was eventually replaced by nylon or rayon, enlivened in certain decades by a central seam in the back of the leg (giving rise to the arousing gesture of straightening the seam), a tiny monogram or the variety of colours in the sheer quality of the transparent material, listed in deniers.

This book explores the astonishing variety of stockings from the eighteenth century to the present, the way great painters depicted them, the way illustrators and cartoonists made use of them, the way advertisements presented them, and the way they have developed, from practical woollen undergarments to luxurious silk creations, from the miraculous invention of nylon to the simple stocking hung from the mantelpiece waiting for Father Christmas.