История архитектуры

In ad 79, the volcano Vesuvius erupted, burying the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum under ash and rock, and leaving them remarkably well preserved for centuries. While Pompeii has been extensively written about and popularized, the remains of its sister city, a smaller yet wealthier community close to the sea, are less widely known, but they have yielded spectacular archaeological evidence.

This is the first major study of Herculaneum since that of Joseph Jay Deiss, published in 1966 and last revised in 1993. And in any language there have only ever been a handful of books available, mostly guidebooks and exhibition catalogues. Herculaneum is based on the latest excavation work and incorporates much new material that has revolutionized our understanding of the site. The book draws on a decade’s work with the Herculaneum Conservation Project which, thanks to the Packard Humanities Institute, has begun to reverse the neglect of previous years which had reduced this extraordinary site to a critical condition. Illustrated with more than 300 newly taken colour photographs and archive illustrations, plus eight spectacular 360-degree panoramas, it is the definitive overview for the general public of what we know and understand about Herculaneum, of what is still unknown and mysterious, and of the potential for future discoveries in both archaeological and political contexts.

In his highly acclaimed reference work David Watkin traces the history of western architecture from the earliest times in Mesopotamia and Egypt to the dramatic impact of CAD (computer-aided design) on architectural practice at the beginning of the 21st century. Adopting an approach that sees architectural history as a living continuity rather than a museum of neatly labelled styles, the author emphasizes the ongoing vitality of the Classical language of architecture, underlining the continuity between, say, the work of Ictinus in 5th-century BC Athens and that of McKim, Mead and White in 20th-century New York. Authoritative, comprehensive and highly illustrated, this fourth edition has been expanded to bring the story of western architecture right up to date.

Contents
Preface
1. Mesopotamia and Egypt
2. The Classical Foundation: Greek, Hellenistic, Roman
3. Early Christian and Byzantine
4. Carolingian and Romanesque
5. The Gothic Experiment
6. Renaissance Hamrony
7. Baroque Expansion
8. Eighteenth-Century Classicism
9. The Nineteenth Century
10. Art Nouveau
11. The Twentieth Century and Beyond
Glossary
Further Reading
Index

In the post-war decades, Hong Kong architects, many of them having migrated from China or studied overseas, embraced modern principles when forced to face the problems of housing shortage, mass construction and limited budgets in the British colony. Although economic efficiencies often prevailed over design, their buildings were rooted in their time and place, reflecting the local climate, social values, materials, technique and use in an often unique and pragmatic fashion.

With more than 300 buildings and ensembles documented, Hong Kong Modern: Architecture of the 1950s-1970s gives an unprecedented comprehensive overview of the architecture of that transformative period and is unique in combining photography, carefully researched background information and academic essays. The book aims to serve as a visual record and create awareness of the modernist buildings of Hong Kong, and to contribute to a better understanding and discussion of their architectural merit and social, cultural, and historic values.

About the Author:

Walter Koditek is a German urban planner, author and photographer based in Hong Kong. After graduating at Technical University Berlin, Walter’s first professional life had him practicing for almost two decades at various planning/design consultancies and teaching at university. In 2006, he relocated to Asia, where he worked as an urban planning expert in Cambodia and Vietnam. He moved on to Hong Kong in 2014, using the city as a base for his consultant work, and documenting its unique architectural landscape with his camera whenever possible. Walter has always been a strong advocate of cultural heritage conservation. He published the photo book Battambang Heritage (2018, Apsara Books, Hong Kong) and co-authored the Architectural Guide Phnom Penh (2020, DOM publishers, Berlin), before focusing on the modernist architectural legacy of Hong Kong.

Viennese-native Friedrich Stowasser (1928-2000) called himself  Hundertwasser Friedensreich Regentag Dunkelbunt. True to the colorful variety of his names, he pursued many activities as a painter, architect and ecologist, and as "one who awakens identities." This presentation of Hundertwasser's work in all of its different facets is guided by the artist's own view of himself and his purpose. And, because his work is virtually inseparable from his personal life and political activity, a vivid portrait of the artist takes shape before the reader's eyes. Excerpts from conversations between the author and the artist lend a sense of immediacy and authenticity to the narration.

Now in a new flexi edition that is more affordable than ever, this breathtaking volume highlights the world's best modern architecture, the people behind the buildings, and the impact they have had on their surroundings. From New York City's Chrysler Building to the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain; from the Sydney Opera House to Kansai International Airport, the buildings profiled here have proved enduring monuments to their architects' visions and the hopes and dreams of their eras.

Presented in full-color, double-page spreads, these buildings represent nearly every continent on the globe and almost every architectural trend of the past century. The double-page spreads provide numerous photographs and plans, a summary of the architect's career, and fascinating anecdotes about building sites, materials, and construction. For architectural students, travelers, and the general reader, this insightful book is the next best thing to visiting the buildings themselves.

This book traces the main influences on interior design from medieval times to modern day. It gives a simple explanation of each style and its history while also looking at the style in a modern context, and gives a visual guide as to how to create the style.

Each chapter starts with an accessible and clear introduction to each style, placing it in its historical context and outlining the factors that influenced the development of the style. An artwork from the period showing the decoration of a room gives an authentic view of how these elements would have been incorporated in interiors at the time.

This is then followed by an overview of the smaller details that also define a look - the furnishing and decorative elements that are representative of that style, from a range of different furniture shapes to silverware and glass, from textiles such as quilts to porcelain and china. Taken together, these spreads give the reader a 'sample board' of each style that forms a fascinating guide.

From Ancient Roman Palace to Modern Residence

By displaying the architectural details such as door, window, arch, column, corridor and roof, this bookclearly and comprehensively reflects the progress of society, the changes of aesthetics and the developmental progress of classical style under the condition that the territorial culture is endowed with new connotations.

Compared with other books of the same kind in the market, this book has the following highlights:

1. Four periods which are European classical period, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and back-to-the-ancient period. Eleven architectural styles which are ancient Greek architecture, ancient Roman architecture, Baroque architecture, classicism architecture, neoclassicism architecture, romanticism architecture, eclecticism architecture.

2. We invited several photographers to go to Italy, Germany, France, America and Austria and so on to take photos. After three months' work, they took more than ten thousand pictures including world famous architecture and a large number of local architecture such as local residences and churches.

3. 6, 000 objective pictures are combined with CAD drawings to display the architecture from distant view to middle-distance view to nearby view to details in three dimensions, comprehensively presenting the design marrow of European classical architecture.

Volume I - The European Classical Period, The Middle Ages, The Renaissance Period

The European Classical Period

Ancient Greek Architecture

Pillar ...........................................007 - 007

Ancient Roman Architecture

Wall ...........................................009 - 009
Door ...........................................010 - 011
Pillar ...........................................012 - 015
Porch ..........................................016 - 017
Arch ...........................................018 - 019
Decorative Components ................020 - 027
Interior Space ..............................028 - 031

The Middle Ages

Byzantine Architecture

Roof ...........................................036 - 039
Window ......................................040 - 040
Pillar ...........................................041 - 041
Porch ..........................................042 - 042
Arch ...........................................043 - 043
Decorative Components ................044 - 045
Interior Space ..............................046 - 055

Romanesque Architecture

Roof ...........................................060 - 063
Window ......................................064 - 064
Door ...........................................065 - 067
Pillar ...........................................068 - 071
Porch ..........................................072 - 072
Arch ...........................................073 - 075
Decorative Components ................076 - 081
Interior Space ..............................082 - 093

Gothic Architecture

Roof ...........................................100 - 105
Wall ...........................................106 - 106
Window ......................................107 - 117
Door ...........................................118 - 137
Pillar ...........................................138 - 138
Porch ..........................................139 - 139
Arch ...........................................140 - 143
Decorative Components ................144 - 173
Interior Space ..............................174 - 195

The Renaissance Period

The Renaissance Architecture

Roof ...........................................204 - 210
Wall ...........................................211 - 211
Window ......................................212 - 226
Door ...........................................227 - 237
Pillar ...........................................238 - 251
Porch ..........................................252 - 253
Arch ...........................................254 - 256
Decorative Components ................257 - 281
Interior Space ..............................282 - 295

Baroque Architecture

Roof .......................................... 304 - 323
Wall ...........................................324 - 325
Window ......................................326 - 351
Door ...........................................352 - 369
Pillar ...........................................370 - 379
Porch ..........................................380 - 382
Arch ...........................................383 - 384
Decorative Components ................385 - 411
Interior Space ..............................412 - 420

Volume II - The Renaissance Period, Retro Trend Period

Classicism Architecture

Roof ...........................................009 - 014
Wall ...........................................015 - 016
Window ......................................017 - 053
Door ...........................................054 - 063
Pillar ...........................................064 - 071
Porch ..........................................072 - 073
Arch ...........................................074 - 078
Decorative Components ................079 - 109
Interior Space ..............................110 - 137

Neoclassicism Architecture

Roof .......................................... 150 - 165
Wall ...........................................166 - 171
Window ......................................172 - 241
Door ...........................................242 - 265
Pillar ...........................................266 - 281
Porch ..........................................282 - 285
Arch ...........................................286 - 293
Decorative Components ................294 - 345
Interior Space ..............................346 - 346

Volume III - Retro Trend Period

Romanticism Architecture

Roof ...........................................007 - 015
Wall ...........................................016 - 017
Window ......................................018 - 029
Door ...........................................030 - 037
Pillar ...........................................038 - 041
Porch ..........................................042 - 042
Arch ...........................................043 - 049
Decorative Components ................050 - 061
Interior Space ..............................062 - 071

Eclecticism Architecture

Roof .......................................... 082 - 103
Wall ...........................................104 - 107
Window ......................................108 - 149
Door ...........................................150 - 181
Pillar ...........................................182 - 205
Porch ..........................................206 - 211
Arch ...........................................212 - 221
Decorative Components ................222 - 257
Interior Space ..............................258 - 270

From the places of the Colonna, Farnese, Orsini and Altemps where, whitin their secret rooms, the papal throne was disputed over the course of centuries, to the magnificent ducal palaces of Venice and Genoa, manifest symbol of the political and economic power of the maritime republics, to the royal splendour of the Bourbon and Savoy palaces where bauty and history wonderfully and indissolubly merged.

Edith Wharton’s Italian Villas and Their Gardens, a seminal work on garden design, is a testament to the passionate connoisseurship of one of America’s greatest writers. A comprehensive look at the history and character of Italian garden architecture and ornamentation, the book explores more than seventy-five villas, capturing what Wharton calls their "garden-magic" and illuminating the intimate relationship between the house, its formal gardens, and the surrounding countryside.This beautiful hardcover facsimile is carefully reproduced from the first edition published in 1904 and features all of the original plates, including twenty-six illustrations by Maxfield Parrish, as well as décollage edges. It is published in association with The Mount Press. A portion of the proceeds of the sale of the book support the restoration of The Mount, the Massachusetts estate designed and built by Wharton based on the principles articulated in this book and in The Decoration of Houses. Elegantly written and informed by Wharton’s sensitivity and wit, Italian Villas and Their Gardens is a work that belongs on the shelf of every lover of gardens and good taste.

The buildings burned in our memories, which to us represent the spirit of fifties and sixties architectural design, were those whose pictures were widely published in magazines and books; but what about those that got lost in the process, hardly or never appearing in publication?

The exchange of visual information is crucial to the development, evolution, and promotion of architectural movements. If a building is not widely seen, its photograph rarely or never published, it simply does not enter into architectural discourse. Many buildings photographed by Julius Shulman suffered this fate, their images falling into oblivion. With this book, TASCHEN brings them to light, paying homage to California Modernism in all its forms.

The abandoned files of Julius Shulman show us another side of Modernism that has stayed quiet for so many years. Bringing together nearly 250 forgotten masterpieces, Modernism Rediscovered pays tribute to these lesser known yet outstanding contributions to the modern architectural movement. It's like sneaking into a private history, into homes that have rarely been seen and hardly appreciated as of yet.

About the photographer:
A resident of Los Angeles since 1920, Julius Shulman has been documenting modernist architecture in Southern California and across the globe for nearly eight decades. His images of Pierre Koenig's Case Study House No. 22 (1960) in Los Angeles and Richard J. Neutra's Kaufmann House (1947) in Palm Springs are among the most recognizable and iconic architectural photographs of the 20th century. Shulman's interest in photography developed into a career when he photographed Neutra's Kun Residence in Los Angeles with his Kodak Vestpocket camera in 1936. Neutra admired young Shulman's images and continued to commission his work. Other leading architects of the time followed suit, as did hundreds of magazines, newspapers, and book publishers. Shulman's numerous awards include the Architectural Photography Medal from the American Institute of Architects (1969), a lifetime achievement award from the International Center of Photography in New York (1998), and honorary doctorates from various academic institutions.

The latest in this successful series, this book features around 150 of the most important buildings in the history of world architecture – from the pyramids and Parthenon to some of the most significant works by recent architects.

The buildings are organized by type – from places of worship and public buildings to houses – and are divided into nine chapters, each with an informative introduction that surveys the history of that type. For each building there are numerous, accurate scale drawings showing a combination of floor plans, elevations and sections as appropriate, all specially redrawn for this book.

The quality and number of the line drawings, together with the authoritative text by a renowned architectural historian, allow all the buildings to be understood in detail and make this an invaluable resource for students.

Featuring more than 100 of the most significant and influential buildings of the twentieth century, this second edition includes both classic works by such seminal architects as Le Courbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright, Mies van der Rohe and Alvar Aalto, as well as those by more recent masters, such as Norman Foster, Frank Gehry and Rem Koolhaas. Addtional buildings and images make this new edition even more comprehensive and up-to-date.

For each of the buildings included there are numerous, accurate scale plans showing typical floors, together with elevations, sections and site plans where appropriate. All of these have been specially commissioned for the book and are based on the most reliable information and sources. There is also a concise text explaining the significant architectural features of the building and the influences it shows or generated, together with full-colour images. Cross-references to other buildings in the book highlight the various connections between these key structures.

There are few images of 20th-century architecture more iconic than the nighttime view of Case Study House #22 set on its eagle’s-nest site high above the lights of Los Angeles. With his two innovative houses for the famous project of the Arts and Architecture magazine, American architect Pierre Koenig (1925-2004) became one of the leading figures of the Modern movement in America. While still a student of architecture, he designed and built his first exposed steel house in 1950, proving that the use of prefabricated materials could allow for spatial freedom in affordable houses. Koenig’s houses, like the Johnson House (1962) or the Oberman House (1962), are a direct response to Southern California’s extremely warm and dry climate. His work is deeply marked by his commitment to environmentally and socially responsible design. His houses have thus become characteristic of the spirit of a whole generation: they perfectly capture the excitement and optimism of the American postwar society.

About the Series:

Every book in TASCHEN's Basic Architecture Series features:

- approximately 120 images, including photographs, sketches, drawings, and floor plans
- introductory essays exploring the architect's life and work, touching on family and background as well as collaborations with other architects
- the most important works presented in chronological order, with descriptions of client and/or architect wishes as well as construction problems and resolutions
-an appendix including a list of complete or selected works, biography, bibliography, and a map indicating the locations of the architect's most famous buildings

The iron colossus: the construction of the Eiffel Tower in XXL-sized drawings and photographs When it was completed in 1889, the Eiffel Tower was the highest structure in the world, measuring 300 meters (984 feet). Built for the World’s Fair, it was initially granted a 20-year permit; this permit was thankfully extended and now the Eiffel Tower is one of the world’s most famous structures, having become practically synonymous with Paris itself and receiving more than six million visitors annually. This XL reprint explores the design and construction of this remarkable building; published in 1900 as a large folio by Gustave Eiffel himself in a limited edition of 500 copies, the original was never sold on the market — it was exclusively given and donated by Eiffel. Featuring 53 double-page plates of 4.300 technical drawings explaining the design as well as 33 photographs of the construction, the book reveals the complex and fascinating process of bringing the Eiffel Tower to life. Though the technical drawing will especially appeal to designers wishing to discover the engineering genius behind Eiffel’s masterpiece, everyone can appreciate this very rare and special book about Paris’s glorious mascot.